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What Are Parenting Styles?

Deborah Ruf, PhD
8 min readJul 15, 2024

Effects on Gifted Children: An introduction to parenting style and how it can affect a gifted child’s outcomes in school and life. Part 1 of 2

Various environmental factors play a role in the different outcomes within groups of children who have similar abilities and levels of intelligence.

I finished interviews of 60 now-grown gifted children about 18 years after their parents contributed their gifted children’s milestones and stories to my first book, 5 Levels of Gifted: School Issues and Educational Options in 2009. The original manuscript was first published in 2005 and named Losing Our Minds: Gifted Children Left Behind. (Links at end of post).

In the time between writing that first book and developing the 5 Levels of Gifted concept and rubric, I saw more than a thousand more families … sometimes briefly and sometimes with a thorough evaluation and consultation. The gifted children in the first book were all born between the mid-1970s and the mid-1990s. Many families kept in touch with me. I wanted to wind down my consultancy but didn’t want to leave all I’d learned un-shared. Thus came the follow-up book published in 2023: The 5 Levels of Gifted Children Grown Up: What They Tell Us.

Study Results Related to Parenting Styles

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Deborah Ruf, PhD
Deborah Ruf, PhD

Written by Deborah Ruf, PhD

High Intelligence Specialist & Writer, Dr. Ruf writes about highly intelligent people from birth to very old age. www.fivelevelsofgifted.com

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